Tutaeporoporo Return to the Polynesia / Pacific Rim PageRegion: Polynesia near Whanganui RiverTime Period: UnknownReferences in Literature: Sources: Circle of the DragonTale:
Was once a friend of those near the Whanganui river, but went bad and was defeated by the hero Aokehu who had Tutaeporoporo swallow sharks teeth, thus killing it.
Monday, October 29, 2007
Region: Germany and ScandinaviaTime Period: References in Literature: None Sources: Yellow Fairy Book pgs 9-20
(This is only a brief summary of the tale.)Tale:
There was once a dragon who came from the north and laid waste to the countryside. Its eyes would draw victims in to be eaten so it didn't have to move until the food supply (animal and human) was depleted. The wise men learned that it could only be defeated by the man wearing King Soloman's signet ring, but no one knew its locations, nor how to read its magical inscription.
One man went in search to the east for the ring and came across a magician who gave him a 9-herb potion so that the man could understand the birds.
The birds led him to a beautiful bathing witch at a secret pool. She invited him back to her home with its many treasures and the next morning she invited him to live there forever. Eventually, she showed him the magical ring, including how she used it and what happened when it was on each finger. She even let him try it, and he first went invisible then turned into a bird and flew back to the magician.
The magician told him how to defeat the dragon and the man went to the King who had everything prepared. The youth, with a raven's advice, went to battle. First, he went forward on an iron horse, speared its lower jaw and charmed it to the ground. Three days and nights it struggled until exhaustion. The man finished it off with a boulder repeatedly to the head.
There was much rejoicing and he married the King's daughter. But the dragon carcus rotted and caused such a smell and such pestilence that it killed hundreds and emptied the town. The man went back to the magician but was intercepted by the witch who took him prisoner in a magically-secured cave. It took the magician, King, and princess 7 years to find and release him.
He was made king and lived happily.Further Reading:
Yellow Fairy Book
(This is only a brief summary of the tale.)Tale:
There was once a dragon who came from the north and laid waste to the countryside. Its eyes would draw victims in to be eaten so it didn't have to move until the food supply (animal and human) was depleted. The wise men learned that it could only be defeated by the man wearing King Soloman's signet ring, but no one knew its locations, nor how to read its magical inscription.
One man went in search to the east for the ring and came across a magician who gave him a 9-herb potion so that the man could understand the birds.
The birds led him to a beautiful bathing witch at a secret pool. She invited him back to her home with its many treasures and the next morning she invited him to live there forever. Eventually, she showed him the magical ring, including how she used it and what happened when it was on each finger. She even let him try it, and he first went invisible then turned into a bird and flew back to the magician.
The magician told him how to defeat the dragon and the man went to the King who had everything prepared. The youth, with a raven's advice, went to battle. First, he went forward on an iron horse, speared its lower jaw and charmed it to the ground. Three days and nights it struggled until exhaustion. The man finished it off with a boulder repeatedly to the head.
There was much rejoicing and he married the King's daughter. But the dragon carcus rotted and caused such a smell and such pestilence that it killed hundreds and emptied the town. The man went back to the magician but was intercepted by the witch who took him prisoner in a magically-secured cave. It took the magician, King, and princess 7 years to find and release him.
He was made king and lived happily.Further Reading:
Yellow Fairy Book
Publications and Articles:
Abolishing Death: A Salvation Myth of Russian Twentieth-Century Literature: Irene Masing-Delic. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, 1992.
AD&D Monster Manual III: October 2000 Edition of role-playing manual
AD&D Monstrous Manual: 1993 Edition of role-playing manual
Age of Surrealism: Wallace Fowlie. New York: Swallow Press, 1950.
Ancient Deities: Patricia Turner and Charles Coulter.
Ancient Tales and Folklore of China: Edward Werner, ed. London: Brachen Books, 1986.
Annals of Music in America:
"A.S Byatt's Self-Mirroring Art.": Julian Gitzen. Critique 36.2 (1995): 83-95.
Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed Description and Explanation of the Mythologies of All the Great Nations of Asia.: J Hackin, et al. New York: Crowell, 1963.
Beethoven: Letters, Journals and Conversations.: Michael Hamburger, ed. New York: Pantheon, 1952.
"Bel and the Dragon.": The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2000.
"Bhutan.": The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2000.
The Black Cloth A Collection of African Folktales: Trans Karen C Hatch. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987.
Book of Beasts: TH White. New York: Dover Publ, 1954.
Book of Dragons and Other Mythical Beasts: Joseph Nigg. London: Quarto, Inc., 2002.
Book of Sea Monsters: Bob Eggleton and Nigel Sickling. London: Collins & Brown, 1998.
Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable; The Age of Chivalry; Legends of Charlemagne.: Thomas Bulfinch. New York: The Modern Library, 1934.
"Celtic myths: Celtic history? Simon Young reveals the limitations of oral legends as historical sources." : Simon Young. History Today Apr. 2002: 18+.
China and Japan: Donald A MacKenzie, 1985.
Chinese Folktales: An Anthology.: Yin-Lien C Chin, Yetta S Center, and Mildred Ross. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, 1996.
Chivalric Romances: Popular Literature in Medieval England.: Lee C Ramsey. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1983.
"The Concept of Fate in Mencius.": Ning Chen. Philosophy East & West 47.4(1997): 495-520.
Cosmos: Carl Sagan. New York: Ballantine Books, 1980.
"CT 13.33-34 and Ezekiel 32: lion-dragon myths.": Theodore J. Lewis. The Journal of the American Oriental Society 116.1(1996): 28+.
"Death by lightning: for sinner or saint? Beliefs from Novosokol'niki regions, Pskov province, Russia.": Elizabeth A Warner. Folklore 113.2(2002): 248+.
Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs.: Eds Kent Ljungquist, Jean-Charles Seigneuret, et al. Vol. 1. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs.: Eds Madeleine G Demers, Jean-Charles Seigneuret, et al. Vol. 2. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Dictionary of World Mythology, A: Cotterell, Arthur Flagg, ed. Revised ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University, 1986.
"Die Natur in der Bildersprache des Sahname.": Kinga Markus. Asian Folklore Studies 57.2(1999): 398+.
The Drac: French Tales....: Holman and Valen.
Dragon: Nature of Spirit, Spirit of Nature: Francis Huxley. London: Thames and Hudson, 1979.
Dragons and Dragon Lore: Ernest Ingersoll. Escondido, 1999.
Dragons of the West: Nigel Pennick.
"'Duma Pro Chornobyl': Old Genres, New Topics.": Natalie Kononenko. Journal of Folklore Research 29.2(1992): 133-154.
"Edward IV and the Alchemists: Jonathan Hughes Looks at the Significance, in Alchemical Terms, of This Reign, and What the King Himself Made of Alchemical Prophecy.": Jonathan Hughes. History Today Aug 2002: 10+.
Enchanted Forest, The: Beyer, Werner W. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1963.
Enchanted World: Dragons: Time Life Books.
English Literature, from the Norman Conquest to Chaucer.: William Henry Schofield. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1931.
Essays, Historical and Literary Vol. 2: John Fiske. New York: Teh Macmillan Company, 1902.
"The estate of things to come.": Jason Florio. Geographical. June 2001: 40.
Fantastic Worlds: Myths, Tales and Stories.: Ed. Eric S Rabkin. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
"The Feudal Transforamtion: 900 - 1200: Jean Pierre Poly and Eric Bournazel. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1991.
"Few Visit French Region ... but Cultural Charm Rules in Poitou.": The Washington Times 16 Aug. 2003: E01.
The Folktale: Stith Thompson. New York: The Dryden Press, 1946.
"The Flood Myth and the Origin of Ethnic Groups in Southeast Asia.": Dang Nghiem Van. Journal of American Folklore 106.421(1993): 304-337.
Folk Spirituality: Richard E Wentz, ed. New York: Paulist Press, 1993.
Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religions, Legend and Law.: James George Frazer. New York: Macmillan and Co., Ltd. 1923.
Folklore and Symbolism of Flowers, Plants and Trees.: Ernst and Johanna Lehner. New York: Tudor Pub., Co., 1960.
Folklore for Stalin: Russian Folklore and Pseudofolklore of the Stalin Era.: Frank J Miller. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, 1990.
From Flying Toads to Snakes with Wings: Dr. Karl Shuker, PN. St. Paul: Llewellyn Publications, 1997.
"From Iranain Myth to Folk Narrative: The Legend of the Dragon-Slayer and the Spinning Maiden in the Persian Book of the Kings.": Kinga Ilona Markus-Takeshita. Asian Folklore Studies 60.2(2001): 203+.
"From protean ape to handsome saint: the Monkey King.": Whalen Lai. Asian Folklore Studies 53.1(1994): 29+.
Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experience in Japanese Death Legends: Michiko Iwasaka and Barre Toelken. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 1994.
Giants, Monsters, and Dragons.: Carol Rose.
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion: James G Frazer. New York: Macmillan, 1950 and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
"Golden Wings.": William Morris. Fantastic Worlds: Myths, Tales and Stories. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. 294-310.
"A green and pleasant land? Anti-road protesters gain a solid footing in England." : Neil Goodwin and Julia Guest. E May-June 1996: 22+.
A Handbook of Renaissance Meteorology: With Particular Reference to Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature.: SK Heninger. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1960.
"Heros, Villains, and Wicked Priests: Authority and Story in the Histories of Simon Schama.": Lisa ford. CLIO 29.1(1999): 23.
"The history never written: bards, druids, and the problem of antiquarianism in 'Poly Olbion.'.": John E Curran. Renaissance Quarterly 51.2(1998): 498+.
A History of Danish Literature.: Sven H Rossel, ed. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1972.
How It All Began: Nikolai Bukharin. Trans. George Shirer. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
The Illustrated Book of Christmas Folklore.: Tristram Potter Coffin. New York: Seabury Press, 1974.
"In the footsteps of St. George." : Murad Agdzhi. Russian Life Aug 1997: 21+.
Instinct for Dragons: David E. Jones
"Introduction.": John R Perry. Asian Folklore Studies 60.2(2001): 191+.
"The Iroquois and the World's Rim: Speculations on Color, Culture, and Contact.": George R Hamell. American Indian Quarterly 16.4(1992): 451-470.
Italian Folktales: Halo Galvino. New York: Helen and Kurt Wolff, 1980.
Japanese Tales: Royall Tyler, ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.
Kokoro: Hints and Echoes of Japanese Inner Life: Lafcadio Hearn. London: Gay and Bird, 1908.
"Krakow 2000.": Richard Monte. History Today Aug. 2000: 4. Lakota Myth.:
James R Walker. Ed. Elaine A Jahner. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. -->
Legends and Folk Tales of Holland: Adele de Leeuw. New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., 1999. Illustr Paul Kennedy.
"Lepanto and the arts of creation." : Iain Fenlon. History Today. Sept. 1995: 24+.
"Letters.": Geographical. Aug. 2001:9.
"'Li anemis meismes': Satan and synagogue in 'La Queste del Saint Graal.'.": Anne Marie D'Arcy. Medium Aevum 66.2(1997): 207+.
The Life of St. George.: Alexander Barclay. Editor: William Nelson. London: Oxford University Press, 1960.
"Madeline, Mermaids and Medussas in 'The Eve of St Agnes'": Mary Arseneau. Papers on Language and Literature 33.3(1997): 227+.
Malinche's Conquest: Anna Lanyon.
"'Manabozho': A Native American resurrection myth.": Nancy Tenfelde Clasby. Studies in Short Fiction 30.4(1993): 583+.
Mediaeval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of teh Non-Cyclic Metrical Romances: Laura A Hibbard Loomis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1924.
"Melusine": The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2000.
"Meteorological knowledge and environmental ideas in traditional and modern societies: the case of Tibet.": Toni Huber and Poul Pedersen. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3.3(1997): 577+.
"Mythology and Folklore of the Hui: A Muslim Chinese People.": Boris Riftin. Asian Folklore Studies 57.2(1999): 370+.
"The Mythology of Masquerading Animals, Or, Bestiality.": Wendy Doniger. Social Research 62.3 (1995): 751-772.
Myths and Legends of the Pacific Northwest: Katharine Berry Judson. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.
Myths and Myth-Makers: Old Tales and Supersitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology.: John Fiske. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1900.
Myths and Tales of the Jicarilla Apache Indians.: Morris Edward Opler. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.
Myths, Legends and Folktales of America: An Anthology.: David Leeming and Jake Page. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
"The Names and Identities of the Boramey Spirits Possessing Cambodian Mediums.": Didier Bertrand. Asian Folklore Studies 60.1(2001): 31.
Native American Folklore in Nineteenth-Century Periodicals.: William M. Clements. Athens, OH: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
"Near the rising seas, I find relics of a dynastic fury." : Paul Barker. New Statesman 18 Sept 1998: 62.
The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus.: Frederick York Powell. Trans. Oiver Elton. Eds Rasmus Anderson and JW Buel. London: Norroena Society, 1905.
Origin and Evolution of Religion: E Washburn Hopkins. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1923.
"Prince Mohammad, Fereydun, Thraetaona, and Trita Aptya: Themes and Connections in Persian Narratives." : Mehri Bagheri. Folklore 112.2(2001): 199.
"A princess from Sunda: some aspects of Nyai Roro Kidul.": Robert Wessing. Asian Folklore Studies 56.2(1997): 317+.
Prokofiev: Israel V Nestyev. Trans. Florence Jonas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960.
Prophesy and Power among the Dogrib Indians: June Helm. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.
Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins.: Joseph Fontenrose. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1974.
"Rabelais's unreadable books.": Barbara C Bowen. Renaissance Quarterly 48.4(1995): 742+.
The Reader's Encyclopedia: And Encyclopedia of World Literature and the Arts: William Rose Benet. New York: TY Crowell Co., 1948.
Red Fairy Book: Andrew Lang, ed. Revised Ed. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1978.
Reference Guide to Russian Literature: Neil Cornwell and Nichole Christian, eds. Chicago IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998.
"Risk, Ritual and Performance.": Leo Howe. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6.1(2000): 63.
"Rostam's Seven Trials and the Logic of Epic Narrative in the Shahnama.": Mahmoud Omidsalar. Asian Folklore Studies 60.2(2001): 259+.
Russian Folk Belief.: Linda J. Ivanits. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, Inc., 1989.
Russian Women's Studies: Essays on Sexism in Soviet Culture: Tatyana Mamovova and Margaret Maxwell. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1989.
"The Sacred Isle: Belief and Religion in Pre-Christian Ireland.": Ian Bradley. The Historian 63.4(2001): 877.
"Saint George for England.": Rebecca Colman. Contemporary Review Apr. 1997: 169+.
"Saint George looks more appealing sans nationalist fury.": Clive Davis. The Washington Times 7 July 2002: B08. "A 'secret and feverish genesis': the prefaces of the Old English
Hexateuch.":
Benjamin C. Withers. The Art Bulletin 81.1(1999): 53. -->
Selected Philosophical Works: VG Belinsky. Moscow: Moscow, Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1948. The Seven Story Tower: A Mythic Journey through Space and
Time.:
Curtiss Hoffman. New York: Perseus Publishing, 1999. -->
"'Seynt Goerge. On Whom Alle Englond Hath Byleve'.": Samantha Riches. History Today Oct. 2000: 46.
The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam.: Joseph Buttinger. New York: Praeger, 1958.
"Stravinsky.": Eric Walter White. European Music in the Twentieth Century. Ed. Howard Hartog. London: Routledge & Paul, 1957. 40-59.
A Study of Gawain and the Green Knight: George Lyman Kittredge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1916.
Studies in Japanese Folklore.: Toichi Mabuchi, Tokihiko Oto and Richard M Dorson, eds. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1963.
A Summary of the Literature of Modern Europe (England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain) from the Origins to 1400.: Marian Edwardes. London: JM Dent and Co., 1907.
"Swedish Legends of Buried Treasure.": John Lindow. Journal of American Folklore 95.377(1982): 257-279.
"The Tao Teaching: Romance and Process.": Stefan Schindler. College Teaching 39.2(1991): 71-75.
Thespis Ritual, Myth, and Drama in the Ancient Near East: Theodor H Gaster and Gilbert Murray. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.
Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia.: Volodymyr Kubijovy and Ernest J Summons
"A Unique Bilingual Surrender Treaty from Muslim-Crusader Spain.": Robert I Burns and Pail E. Chevedden. The Historian 62.3(2000): 511.
Universal Self: A Study of Paul Valaery: Agnes Ethael Mackay. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1961.
Venomous Woman: Fear of the Female in Literature: Margaret Hallissy. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
"Violence in Christian Theology.": J. Denny Weaver. Cross Currents Summer 2001: 150.
"Yamato-takeru: an 'Arthurian' hero in Japanese tradition.": C. Scott Littleton. Asian Folklore Studies 54.2(1995): 259+.
Year of the Dragon
Yellow Fairy Book. Andrew Land, ed. London: Longmans, Green and Co., n.d.
Abolishing Death: A Salvation Myth of Russian Twentieth-Century Literature: Irene Masing-Delic. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, 1992.
AD&D Monster Manual III: October 2000 Edition of role-playing manual
AD&D Monstrous Manual: 1993 Edition of role-playing manual
Age of Surrealism: Wallace Fowlie. New York: Swallow Press, 1950.
Ancient Deities: Patricia Turner and Charles Coulter.
Ancient Tales and Folklore of China: Edward Werner, ed. London: Brachen Books, 1986.
Annals of Music in America:
"A.S Byatt's Self-Mirroring Art.": Julian Gitzen. Critique 36.2 (1995): 83-95.
Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed Description and Explanation of the Mythologies of All the Great Nations of Asia.: J Hackin, et al. New York: Crowell, 1963.
Beethoven: Letters, Journals and Conversations.: Michael Hamburger, ed. New York: Pantheon, 1952.
"Bel and the Dragon.": The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2000.
"Bhutan.": The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2000.
The Black Cloth A Collection of African Folktales: Trans Karen C Hatch. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987.
Book of Beasts: TH White. New York: Dover Publ, 1954.
Book of Dragons and Other Mythical Beasts: Joseph Nigg. London: Quarto, Inc., 2002.
Book of Sea Monsters: Bob Eggleton and Nigel Sickling. London: Collins & Brown, 1998.
Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable; The Age of Chivalry; Legends of Charlemagne.: Thomas Bulfinch. New York: The Modern Library, 1934.
"Celtic myths: Celtic history? Simon Young reveals the limitations of oral legends as historical sources." : Simon Young. History Today Apr. 2002: 18+.
China and Japan: Donald A MacKenzie, 1985.
Chinese Folktales: An Anthology.: Yin-Lien C Chin, Yetta S Center, and Mildred Ross. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, 1996.
Chivalric Romances: Popular Literature in Medieval England.: Lee C Ramsey. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1983.
"The Concept of Fate in Mencius.": Ning Chen. Philosophy East & West 47.4(1997): 495-520.
Cosmos: Carl Sagan. New York: Ballantine Books, 1980.
"CT 13.33-34 and Ezekiel 32: lion-dragon myths.": Theodore J. Lewis. The Journal of the American Oriental Society 116.1(1996): 28+.
"Death by lightning: for sinner or saint? Beliefs from Novosokol'niki regions, Pskov province, Russia.": Elizabeth A Warner. Folklore 113.2(2002): 248+.
Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs.: Eds Kent Ljungquist, Jean-Charles Seigneuret, et al. Vol. 1. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs.: Eds Madeleine G Demers, Jean-Charles Seigneuret, et al. Vol. 2. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Dictionary of World Mythology, A: Cotterell, Arthur Flagg, ed. Revised ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University, 1986.
"Die Natur in der Bildersprache des Sahname.": Kinga Markus. Asian Folklore Studies 57.2(1999): 398+.
The Drac: French Tales....: Holman and Valen.
Dragon: Nature of Spirit, Spirit of Nature: Francis Huxley. London: Thames and Hudson, 1979.
Dragons and Dragon Lore: Ernest Ingersoll. Escondido, 1999.
Dragons of the West: Nigel Pennick.
"'Duma Pro Chornobyl': Old Genres, New Topics.": Natalie Kononenko. Journal of Folklore Research 29.2(1992): 133-154.
"Edward IV and the Alchemists: Jonathan Hughes Looks at the Significance, in Alchemical Terms, of This Reign, and What the King Himself Made of Alchemical Prophecy.": Jonathan Hughes. History Today Aug 2002: 10+.
Enchanted Forest, The: Beyer, Werner W. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1963.
Enchanted World: Dragons: Time Life Books.
English Literature, from the Norman Conquest to Chaucer.: William Henry Schofield. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1931.
Essays, Historical and Literary Vol. 2: John Fiske. New York: Teh Macmillan Company, 1902.
"The estate of things to come.": Jason Florio. Geographical. June 2001: 40.
Fantastic Worlds: Myths, Tales and Stories.: Ed. Eric S Rabkin. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
"The Feudal Transforamtion: 900 - 1200: Jean Pierre Poly and Eric Bournazel. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1991.
"Few Visit French Region ... but Cultural Charm Rules in Poitou.": The Washington Times 16 Aug. 2003: E01.
The Folktale: Stith Thompson. New York: The Dryden Press, 1946.
"The Flood Myth and the Origin of Ethnic Groups in Southeast Asia.": Dang Nghiem Van. Journal of American Folklore 106.421(1993): 304-337.
Folk Spirituality: Richard E Wentz, ed. New York: Paulist Press, 1993.
Folk-Lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religions, Legend and Law.: James George Frazer. New York: Macmillan and Co., Ltd. 1923.
Folklore and Symbolism of Flowers, Plants and Trees.: Ernst and Johanna Lehner. New York: Tudor Pub., Co., 1960.
Folklore for Stalin: Russian Folklore and Pseudofolklore of the Stalin Era.: Frank J Miller. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, 1990.
From Flying Toads to Snakes with Wings: Dr. Karl Shuker, PN. St. Paul: Llewellyn Publications, 1997.
"From Iranain Myth to Folk Narrative: The Legend of the Dragon-Slayer and the Spinning Maiden in the Persian Book of the Kings.": Kinga Ilona Markus-Takeshita. Asian Folklore Studies 60.2(2001): 203+.
"From protean ape to handsome saint: the Monkey King.": Whalen Lai. Asian Folklore Studies 53.1(1994): 29+.
Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experience in Japanese Death Legends: Michiko Iwasaka and Barre Toelken. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 1994.
Giants, Monsters, and Dragons.: Carol Rose.
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion: James G Frazer. New York: Macmillan, 1950 and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
"Golden Wings.": William Morris. Fantastic Worlds: Myths, Tales and Stories. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. 294-310.
"A green and pleasant land? Anti-road protesters gain a solid footing in England." : Neil Goodwin and Julia Guest. E May-June 1996: 22+.
A Handbook of Renaissance Meteorology: With Particular Reference to Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature.: SK Heninger. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1960.
"Heros, Villains, and Wicked Priests: Authority and Story in the Histories of Simon Schama.": Lisa ford. CLIO 29.1(1999): 23.
"The history never written: bards, druids, and the problem of antiquarianism in 'Poly Olbion.'.": John E Curran. Renaissance Quarterly 51.2(1998): 498+.
A History of Danish Literature.: Sven H Rossel, ed. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1972.
How It All Began: Nikolai Bukharin. Trans. George Shirer. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
The Illustrated Book of Christmas Folklore.: Tristram Potter Coffin. New York: Seabury Press, 1974.
"In the footsteps of St. George." : Murad Agdzhi. Russian Life Aug 1997: 21+.
Instinct for Dragons: David E. Jones
"Introduction.": John R Perry. Asian Folklore Studies 60.2(2001): 191+.
"The Iroquois and the World's Rim: Speculations on Color, Culture, and Contact.": George R Hamell. American Indian Quarterly 16.4(1992): 451-470.
Italian Folktales: Halo Galvino. New York: Helen and Kurt Wolff, 1980.
Japanese Tales: Royall Tyler, ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.
Kokoro: Hints and Echoes of Japanese Inner Life: Lafcadio Hearn. London: Gay and Bird, 1908.
"Krakow 2000.": Richard Monte. History Today Aug. 2000: 4. Lakota Myth.:
James R Walker. Ed. Elaine A Jahner. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. -->
Legends and Folk Tales of Holland: Adele de Leeuw. New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., 1999. Illustr Paul Kennedy.
"Lepanto and the arts of creation." : Iain Fenlon. History Today. Sept. 1995: 24+.
"Letters.": Geographical. Aug. 2001:9.
"'Li anemis meismes': Satan and synagogue in 'La Queste del Saint Graal.'.": Anne Marie D'Arcy. Medium Aevum 66.2(1997): 207+.
The Life of St. George.: Alexander Barclay. Editor: William Nelson. London: Oxford University Press, 1960.
"Madeline, Mermaids and Medussas in 'The Eve of St Agnes'": Mary Arseneau. Papers on Language and Literature 33.3(1997): 227+.
Malinche's Conquest: Anna Lanyon.
"'Manabozho': A Native American resurrection myth.": Nancy Tenfelde Clasby. Studies in Short Fiction 30.4(1993): 583+.
Mediaeval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of teh Non-Cyclic Metrical Romances: Laura A Hibbard Loomis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1924.
"Melusine": The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2000.
"Meteorological knowledge and environmental ideas in traditional and modern societies: the case of Tibet.": Toni Huber and Poul Pedersen. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3.3(1997): 577+.
"Mythology and Folklore of the Hui: A Muslim Chinese People.": Boris Riftin. Asian Folklore Studies 57.2(1999): 370+.
"The Mythology of Masquerading Animals, Or, Bestiality.": Wendy Doniger. Social Research 62.3 (1995): 751-772.
Myths and Legends of the Pacific Northwest: Katharine Berry Judson. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.
Myths and Myth-Makers: Old Tales and Supersitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology.: John Fiske. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1900.
Myths and Tales of the Jicarilla Apache Indians.: Morris Edward Opler. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.
Myths, Legends and Folktales of America: An Anthology.: David Leeming and Jake Page. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
"The Names and Identities of the Boramey Spirits Possessing Cambodian Mediums.": Didier Bertrand. Asian Folklore Studies 60.1(2001): 31.
Native American Folklore in Nineteenth-Century Periodicals.: William M. Clements. Athens, OH: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
"Near the rising seas, I find relics of a dynastic fury." : Paul Barker. New Statesman 18 Sept 1998: 62.
The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus.: Frederick York Powell. Trans. Oiver Elton. Eds Rasmus Anderson and JW Buel. London: Norroena Society, 1905.
Origin and Evolution of Religion: E Washburn Hopkins. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1923.
"Prince Mohammad, Fereydun, Thraetaona, and Trita Aptya: Themes and Connections in Persian Narratives." : Mehri Bagheri. Folklore 112.2(2001): 199.
"A princess from Sunda: some aspects of Nyai Roro Kidul.": Robert Wessing. Asian Folklore Studies 56.2(1997): 317+.
Prokofiev: Israel V Nestyev. Trans. Florence Jonas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1960.
Prophesy and Power among the Dogrib Indians: June Helm. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.
Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins.: Joseph Fontenrose. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1974.
"Rabelais's unreadable books.": Barbara C Bowen. Renaissance Quarterly 48.4(1995): 742+.
The Reader's Encyclopedia: And Encyclopedia of World Literature and the Arts: William Rose Benet. New York: TY Crowell Co., 1948.
Red Fairy Book: Andrew Lang, ed. Revised Ed. New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1978.
Reference Guide to Russian Literature: Neil Cornwell and Nichole Christian, eds. Chicago IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998.
"Risk, Ritual and Performance.": Leo Howe. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6.1(2000): 63.
"Rostam's Seven Trials and the Logic of Epic Narrative in the Shahnama.": Mahmoud Omidsalar. Asian Folklore Studies 60.2(2001): 259+.
Russian Folk Belief.: Linda J. Ivanits. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, Inc., 1989.
Russian Women's Studies: Essays on Sexism in Soviet Culture: Tatyana Mamovova and Margaret Maxwell. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1989.
"The Sacred Isle: Belief and Religion in Pre-Christian Ireland.": Ian Bradley. The Historian 63.4(2001): 877.
"Saint George for England.": Rebecca Colman. Contemporary Review Apr. 1997: 169+.
"Saint George looks more appealing sans nationalist fury.": Clive Davis. The Washington Times 7 July 2002: B08. "A 'secret and feverish genesis': the prefaces of the Old English
Hexateuch.":
Benjamin C. Withers. The Art Bulletin 81.1(1999): 53. -->
Selected Philosophical Works: VG Belinsky. Moscow: Moscow, Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1948. The Seven Story Tower: A Mythic Journey through Space and
Time.:
Curtiss Hoffman. New York: Perseus Publishing, 1999. -->
"'Seynt Goerge. On Whom Alle Englond Hath Byleve'.": Samantha Riches. History Today Oct. 2000: 46.
The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam.: Joseph Buttinger. New York: Praeger, 1958.
"Stravinsky.": Eric Walter White. European Music in the Twentieth Century. Ed. Howard Hartog. London: Routledge & Paul, 1957. 40-59.
A Study of Gawain and the Green Knight: George Lyman Kittredge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1916.
Studies in Japanese Folklore.: Toichi Mabuchi, Tokihiko Oto and Richard M Dorson, eds. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1963.
A Summary of the Literature of Modern Europe (England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain) from the Origins to 1400.: Marian Edwardes. London: JM Dent and Co., 1907.
"Swedish Legends of Buried Treasure.": John Lindow. Journal of American Folklore 95.377(1982): 257-279.
"The Tao Teaching: Romance and Process.": Stefan Schindler. College Teaching 39.2(1991): 71-75.
Thespis Ritual, Myth, and Drama in the Ancient Near East: Theodor H Gaster and Gilbert Murray. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.
Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia.: Volodymyr Kubijovy and Ernest J Summons
"A Unique Bilingual Surrender Treaty from Muslim-Crusader Spain.": Robert I Burns and Pail E. Chevedden. The Historian 62.3(2000): 511.
Universal Self: A Study of Paul Valaery: Agnes Ethael Mackay. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1961.
Venomous Woman: Fear of the Female in Literature: Margaret Hallissy. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
"Violence in Christian Theology.": J. Denny Weaver. Cross Currents Summer 2001: 150.
"Yamato-takeru: an 'Arthurian' hero in Japanese tradition.": C. Scott Littleton. Asian Folklore Studies 54.2(1995): 259+.
Year of the Dragon
Yellow Fairy Book. Andrew Land, ed. London: Longmans, Green and Co., n.d.
Region: IndiaTime Period: circa 1500-1200 BCReferences in Literature: Vedic Mythology, Rig Veda of Hinduism (compiled c 1000 bc), Mahabharata, Catapatha-BrahmanaSources: Many, including Biopark and Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its OriginsAbout Vritra:
Possibly a Naga; huge, greedy and hoarding
Sometimes representative of winter.
Son of Dami and mother of Danvas
Cataputha-Brahmana says that he was created by Tvashtri "of soma cast upon the fire; he grew thereafter an arrowshot in all directions until he had forced back the oceans and enveloped the worlds" (Source: Python pg 194.) About Indra:
Killed Vritra in his youth - possibly on a few days old, like Apollo
Also known as - Vritrahan, the Vritra Slayer
Tale:First, he took in all the waters of the cosmos, then wrapped himself around a mountain to rest. Most of the gods ran away, but the hero Indra came along, bribed Agni and Soma to help him, and killed Vritra with thunder and lightning forged by Tvashtri, thus releasing the waters and sun (world order) back upon the earth. He was rewarded with the king's crown and Vritra was cast into hell.Variations include:
Some sources say he wrapped around the navel of the cosmos to stop the water.
Vritra is cut in 2 pieces (moon and "bellies for earth's creatures") after begging for his life.
Indra ran away after killing him and had to be told by the other gods that Vritra was dead.
Vritra shattered Indra's jaw then Indra fled and made a truce with Vritra.
According to the Mahabarata "First Vritra Seized Indra and put him in his mouth to swallow him; the gods at once created Jrimbhika, spirit of yawning, whose power opened Vritra's mouth and allowed Indra to escape." Related Tales:
Apsu and Tiamat
Apollo
Azhi Dahaki Further Reading:
The Encyclopedia Mythica has a version from the Rig Veda
PJ Criss's site
Possibly a Naga; huge, greedy and hoarding
Sometimes representative of winter.
Son of Dami and mother of Danvas
Cataputha-Brahmana says that he was created by Tvashtri "of soma cast upon the fire; he grew thereafter an arrowshot in all directions until he had forced back the oceans and enveloped the worlds" (Source: Python pg 194.) About Indra:
Killed Vritra in his youth - possibly on a few days old, like Apollo
Also known as - Vritrahan, the Vritra Slayer
Tale:First, he took in all the waters of the cosmos, then wrapped himself around a mountain to rest. Most of the gods ran away, but the hero Indra came along, bribed Agni and Soma to help him, and killed Vritra with thunder and lightning forged by Tvashtri, thus releasing the waters and sun (world order) back upon the earth. He was rewarded with the king's crown and Vritra was cast into hell.Variations include:
Some sources say he wrapped around the navel of the cosmos to stop the water.
Vritra is cut in 2 pieces (moon and "bellies for earth's creatures") after begging for his life.
Indra ran away after killing him and had to be told by the other gods that Vritra was dead.
Vritra shattered Indra's jaw then Indra fled and made a truce with Vritra.
According to the Mahabarata "First Vritra Seized Indra and put him in his mouth to swallow him; the gods at once created Jrimbhika, spirit of yawning, whose power opened Vritra's mouth and allowed Indra to escape." Related Tales:
Apsu and Tiamat
Apollo
Azhi Dahaki Further Reading:
The Encyclopedia Mythica has a version from the Rig Veda
PJ Criss's site
Dragons are found in the myths of many cultures, and appear in many different configurations. The name comes from the Greek "draconta" which means "to watch." Often, dragons are portrayed as guarding an object or a particular area.
Types
In Western myths, dragons are generally dangerous carnivorous reptiles, and can be categorized by their appearance or habitat. Categories by appearance covered the various combinations of legs and wings-
Guivre (no legs or wings, just a large serpent with a dragon head.)
Lindworm (one pair of legs and no wings.)
Wyvern (one pair of legs, and wings.)
Amphiptere (No legs, but wings.)
Heraldic Dragon (two pairs of legs and wings.) as seen above.
Habitats included:
Caves
Mountains
Rivers, Lakes, and Ocean
Swamps
Chinese Dragons are also reptilian, often combined with parts of other animals. They symbolize power and are generally considered good fortune. These dragons can be grouped by function:
Celestial- Guardians of the houses of the gods-these dragons were the only ones with 5 claws.
Divine- controlled the wind and rain.
Terrestrial- River dragons- controlled the flow and course of rivers.
Subterranean- Keepers of treasure-generally seen holding a pearl.
The Chinese had other systems to determine the dragons strength- color and age. Red or black dragons were ferocious, but not as powerful as yellow ones. Some believed that dragons came thousand-year-old snake eggs (dinosaur eggs?) or that water snakes became dragons after 500 years. After a thousand years, the dragon would grow four feet and a beard. After another 500 years, the dragon would grow horns, and after three thousand years the fully-mature dragon would get its wings. Dragons can be seen in the shapes of clouds.
Japanese and Korean Dragons are much like the Chinese. Chinese ones will normally have 4 or 5 toes, while Japanese ones normally have 3 toes.
Many other cultures have legends of dragons. For example, the Sumerians spoke of Tiamat, which was a huge female dragon with two legs and horns. Native American Seneca myth tells of Gaasyendietha, a dragon that lives in the water but can shoot fire.
Types
In Western myths, dragons are generally dangerous carnivorous reptiles, and can be categorized by their appearance or habitat. Categories by appearance covered the various combinations of legs and wings-
Guivre (no legs or wings, just a large serpent with a dragon head.)
Lindworm (one pair of legs and no wings.)
Wyvern (one pair of legs, and wings.)
Amphiptere (No legs, but wings.)
Heraldic Dragon (two pairs of legs and wings.) as seen above.
Habitats included:
Caves
Mountains
Rivers, Lakes, and Ocean
Swamps
Chinese Dragons are also reptilian, often combined with parts of other animals. They symbolize power and are generally considered good fortune. These dragons can be grouped by function:
Celestial- Guardians of the houses of the gods-these dragons were the only ones with 5 claws.
Divine- controlled the wind and rain.
Terrestrial- River dragons- controlled the flow and course of rivers.
Subterranean- Keepers of treasure-generally seen holding a pearl.
The Chinese had other systems to determine the dragons strength- color and age. Red or black dragons were ferocious, but not as powerful as yellow ones. Some believed that dragons came thousand-year-old snake eggs (dinosaur eggs?) or that water snakes became dragons after 500 years. After a thousand years, the dragon would grow four feet and a beard. After another 500 years, the dragon would grow horns, and after three thousand years the fully-mature dragon would get its wings. Dragons can be seen in the shapes of clouds.
Japanese and Korean Dragons are much like the Chinese. Chinese ones will normally have 4 or 5 toes, while Japanese ones normally have 3 toes.
Many other cultures have legends of dragons. For example, the Sumerians spoke of Tiamat, which was a huge female dragon with two legs and horns. Native American Seneca myth tells of Gaasyendietha, a dragon that lives in the water but can shoot fire.
Japanese/Chinese Myths: The Myths & Stories OF Dragons:
One of the myths and legends about dragons they blow fire and that it represents the Chinese culture. The only problem is that some of the people have not talked about some of the other dragons that they have believed to exist. The dragon for both Chinese and Japanese cultures symbolizes power and excellence. In the early days of the dynasty’s some of the dynasty’s worshiped the dragon as their lord and some actually even asked them for help and guidance. The first and 15th of every month they use to perform rituals to worship the dragons. In Japanese Folklore there are nine types of dragons and in Chinese Folklore there are only three. In some legends they say that most of the dragons in stories evolved from fish, they as they grew they showed their strength and people started to respect them. The nine dragons on the Japanese culture are mostly related to the elements of the earth. The fire dragon is the most talked about and the most popular. The fire dragon is known to be in legends the most competitive and expects a lot from people. One of the other traits of the fire dragon is that it is very ambitious and very short-tempered, as everyone already knows. The fire dragon has to have a master in order to learn how to communicate without force. Another one of the dragons, which is one of the elements, is the water dragon. The water dragon is one of the quieter one’s besides the fire dragon. Some of the characteristics of this dragon is that is has a more positive attitude on things and also it has a more positive approach and also is less selfish and less power hungry than most dragons are. That is why that this dragon is on the most worshiped next to the fire dragon. Dragons are on of the most talked about myths in Japanese and also Chinese Culture and the world. An actual dragon or dragons bones have never been found, if they have existed, that is why a lot of people wonder why there is so much talk about dragons. The purpose of the dragon was meant to be for spiritual beliefs and just to make up stories and legends.
One of the myths and legends about dragons they blow fire and that it represents the Chinese culture. The only problem is that some of the people have not talked about some of the other dragons that they have believed to exist. The dragon for both Chinese and Japanese cultures symbolizes power and excellence. In the early days of the dynasty’s some of the dynasty’s worshiped the dragon as their lord and some actually even asked them for help and guidance. The first and 15th of every month they use to perform rituals to worship the dragons. In Japanese Folklore there are nine types of dragons and in Chinese Folklore there are only three. In some legends they say that most of the dragons in stories evolved from fish, they as they grew they showed their strength and people started to respect them. The nine dragons on the Japanese culture are mostly related to the elements of the earth. The fire dragon is the most talked about and the most popular. The fire dragon is known to be in legends the most competitive and expects a lot from people. One of the other traits of the fire dragon is that it is very ambitious and very short-tempered, as everyone already knows. The fire dragon has to have a master in order to learn how to communicate without force. Another one of the dragons, which is one of the elements, is the water dragon. The water dragon is one of the quieter one’s besides the fire dragon. Some of the characteristics of this dragon is that is has a more positive attitude on things and also it has a more positive approach and also is less selfish and less power hungry than most dragons are. That is why that this dragon is on the most worshiped next to the fire dragon. Dragons are on of the most talked about myths in Japanese and also Chinese Culture and the world. An actual dragon or dragons bones have never been found, if they have existed, that is why a lot of people wonder why there is so much talk about dragons. The purpose of the dragon was meant to be for spiritual beliefs and just to make up stories and legends.
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